1. According to CDC estimates, what proportion of people in the United States who are infected with HIV are unaware of their infection?

• a. One-half
• b. One-sixth
• c. One-third
• d. One-fourth

2. More than half the U.S. cases of HIV/AIDS occur in Asian and Pacific Islanders.

• a. True
• b. False

3. Which group now constitutes the fastest growing HIV/AIDS population?

• a. Men who have sex with men
• b. Women
• c. Female injection-drug users
• d. Children under the age of 15

4. The annual incidence rate of HIV/AIDS in Florida is:

• a. Half that of the national average.
• b. Decreasing among minority populations.
• c. Increasing among minority populations.
• d. Decreasing among seniors.

5. Which body fluids have been proven to transmit HIV infection?

• a. Saliva and cervical secretions
• b. Saliva, tears, serous fluid, and vaginal secretions
• c. Blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal and cervical secretions
• d. Blood, semen, and tears

6. DNA analysis suggests that HIV-1 originated in:

• a. South African macaques.
• b. Asian waterfowl.
• c. West African chimpanzees.
• d. Ugandan gorillas.

7. Globally, the most common strain of HIV is HIV-2:

• a. True
• b. False

8. Co-infection with STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital warts increases the risk of HIV transmission.

• a. True
• b. False

9. HIV-positive women and men co-infected with HPV have increased risk of which of the following:

• a. Cervical and anal cancers
• b. Gum disease and esophageal reflux
• c. Gastroenteritis and diabetes
• d. Psoriasis and asthma

10. Which STD increases the risk for acquiring HIV infection by three-fold?

• a. Syphilis
• b. Gonorrhea
• c. Genital herpes
• d. Chlamydia

11. The most common and most deadly co-infection for HIV-positive individuals is:

• a. Syphilis.
• b. Tuberculosis (TB).
• c. Chlamydia.
• d. Hepatitis B (HBV).

12. Which of the following statements about TB is true for Florida?

• a. The number of new cases of TB in Florida increased in 2006.
• b. Florida is 1 of 12 states with TB rates higher than the national average.
• c. Asians have the highest rates of TB in Florida.
• d. Women who have sex with women (WSM) have the highest rates of TB in Florida.

13. Treatment of HIV/TB co-infected patients is a complex multi-drug process that extends at least 6 months.

• a. True
• b. False

14. Failure to complete the treatment regimen for tuberculosis can lead to:

• a. Allergies and rashes
• b. Increased viral load
• c. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB)
• d. Mental illness

15. The effectiveness of respiratory protection equipment depends on how well it fits each individual, the care with which it is used, and the adequacy of the training and fit-testing program.

• a. True
• b. False

16. Which statement is true about persons infected with both HIV and HCV?

• a. Fifty percent of HIV-positive people in the United States are also infected with HCV.
• b. HCV-related liver disease is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death among those infected with HIV.
• c. Co-infected patients are not at risk for hepatitis A or B infection.
• d. HAART is not toxic to the liver and has decreased the incidence of HCV.

17. Who would benefit from HIV testing?

• a. Anyone who has touched a person suspected of being HIV-positive.
• b. Anyone who has shared a glass of water with an infected person.
• c. All those who live in the state of Florida.
• d. Anyone who has had unprotected anal, vaginal, or oral sex.

18. Opt-out screening means that testing will be performed unless the patient objects to being tested.

• a. True
• b. False

19. Which of the following is true about rapid HIV testing?

• a. All positive rapid HIV tests require repeat testing for confirmation.
• b. Some rapid HIV tests are performed on a urine sample.
• c. A negative result following recent sexual activity with an HIV-positive person confirms that HIV is not present.
• d. ELISA is a rapid HIV test.

20. If the antibody test result is negative, which one of the following may be true?

• a. The person should not be concerned even if there has been recent risky sexual behavior.
• b. The person is infected with HIV but will not develop full-blown AIDS.
• c. The person was infected recently with the virus, but antibodies have not yet appeared.
• d. The person is probably immune to the HIV virus.

21. People receiving indeterminate HIV test results should retest using a blood specimen collected four weeks after the initial test.

• a. True
• b. False

22. The FDA is reluctant to approve home testing kits for HIV detection because there is concern about:

• a. Improper sample collection
• b. Potential infection
• c. Possible suicide if results are positive
• d. Inability to read/follow instructions among some populations

23. Which of the following would most likely transmit an HIV infection?

• a. Blood collected for transfusion
• b. Used needles and syringes
• c. Casual contact with an infected patient
• d. A public toilet seat

24. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for a needlestick should begin within:

• a. 1–2 months after exposure and no later than 3 months
• b. 48 hours after the exposure and no later than 14 days
• c. 7 days after exposure and no later than 1 month
• d. 24 hours after exposure and no later than 7 days

25. Immediately after exposure to the blood of a patient, a healthcare worker should:

• a. Phone the county health department.
• b. Change clothes.
• c. Flush affected areas with water and notify management.
• d. Take a disability leave until infection has been ruled out.

26. If both partners are HIV-positive, it is not necessary to use condoms or other preventive strategies.

• a. True
• b. False

27. Which is not a stage of HIV/AIDS?

• a. Viral transmission is the stage of initial infection with HIV.
• b. Seroconversion is the period during which antibodies are produced.
• c. Viral load is the stage where HIV is asymptomatic.
• d. Symptomatic HIV infection is the stage that precedes full-blown AIDS.

28. HIV-infected persons who are being treated with HAART are no longer infectious to others.

• a. True
• b. False

29. The current standard of care for HIV-infected pregnant women involves which of the following:

• a. Zidovudine alone
• b. Lipitor plus zidovudine
• c. Efavirenz and zidovudine
• d. An individualized combination of antiretroviral drugs

30. Which antiretroviral drugs should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy?

• a. Zidovudine and acyclovir
• b. Efavirenz and nelfinavir
• c. Acetaminofin and zidovudine
• d. Heparin and leucovorin

31. Genotypic resistance testing is recommended for pregnant women and those other patients who have never had antiretroviral therapy.

• a. True
• b. False

32. HAART is an acronym for:

• a. Highly acclaimed antiviral treatment.
• b. Highly advanced antiviral treatment.
• c. Highly active antiretroviral treatment.
• d. Highly adaptable antiretroviral treatment.

33. HIV-infected women who smoke should stop because it interferes with antiviral treatment and increases the risk of AIDS-related illness.

• a. True
• b. False

34. In 2006 the CDC announced the goal of reducing new HIV infections by 50 percent while focusing on what?

• a. Promotion of abstinence
• b. Widespread distribution of condoms
• c. Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in new infections
• d. Production of educational videos

35. STD screening and treatment reduce the spread of HIV by:

• a. Providing immunity to the HIV virus.
• b. Improving the overall health of individuals in the community.
• c. Improving compliance with safe sex practices.
• d. Decreasing viral shedding and reducing the concentration of the virus.

36. County health departments must obtain written informed consent from test subjects.

• a. True
• b. False

37. "Superconfidential" means:

• a. Test results may not be transmitted by telephone.
• b. Test results are only made available to healthcare personnel on a need-to-know basis.
• c. Test results may only be shared with the patient's next of kin.
• d. Test results may not be faxed or emailed.

38. Under Florida law, parents of a child under 18 may not be informed directly or indirectly of their child's test results without the child's consent.

• a. True
• b. False

39. Under the Florida Omnibus AIDS Act, what information about HIV testing is considered superconfidential?

• a. All tests, even if they cannot be traced to a particular individual.
• b. Documentation in a person's medical record of an HIV test and its results.
• c. Disclosure of a patient's HIV status based on an anonymous test or a home testing kit.
• d. Use of the word AIDS throughout a chart, but without an HIV test result or report.

40. HIV-infected injection drug users:

• a. Are nevertheless relatively healthy emotionally.
• b. Can master multidrug regimens with minimal follow-up.
• c. Often lack access to inpatient treatment facilities.
• d. Can find syringe exchange programs virtually anywhere these days.

41. People of color have disproportionately higher rates of HIV/AIDS because:

• a. They are biologically more sensitive to the virus.
• b. Their general health may be compromised by poor socioeconomic conditions.
• c. They resist health education efforts.
• d. They fail to keep appointments for regular healthcare.